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This video is about two-photon (gamma-gamma) physics, and how photons can interact with each other – either mediated by a passing lepton, or gravitationally via lensing, or via vacuum fluctuation pair production of vertical particles (electron-positron pair, for example). This is the so-called “box diagram” feynman diagram.
REFERENCES
Water waves interact with each other (weakly nonlinear shallow water waves)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korteweg%E2%80%93deVriesequation
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Korteweg-deVriesEquation.html
Paper: Absorption of Very High Energy Gamma Rays in the Milky Way
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.01587.pdf
Paper: Observing light-by-light scattering at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1305.7142.pdf
Mass-Energy Scale
http://labs.minutelabs.io/Mass-Energy-Scale/
Optical Depth
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opticaldepth
The electromagnetic spectrum and photon energies
http://labman.phys.utk.edu/phys222core/modules/m6/The%20EM%20spectrum.html
Gravitational Lensing
http://andybohn.com/research/lensing.html
Ask an Astrophysicist on gamma ray scattering and energies in cosmology
http://teacherlink.ed.usu.edu/tlnasa/reference/imaginedvd/files/imagine/docs/askastro/answers/970412e.html
Measuring Vacuum Polarisation with High Power Lasers
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1510.08456.pdf
Detecting vacuum birefringence with X-ray free electron lasers and high-power optical lasers
https://indico.desy.de/indico/event/12654/session/2/contribution/8/material/slides/0.pdf
Vacuum birefringence in the head-on collision of XFEL and optical high-intensity laser pulses
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.03302.pdf
ATLAS makes first direct detection of Light-by-light scattering at the LHC
https://atlas.cern/updates/press-statement/atlas-sees-first-direct-evidence-light-light-scattering-high-energy
Two Photon Physics
http://www.hep.ucl.ac.uk/opal/gammagamma/gg-tutorial.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-photonphysics
Thesis: The Opacity of the Universe for high and very high energy γ-rays
http://inspirehep.net/record/1254304/files/desy-thesis-13-033.pdf
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